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    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>emergentresearch</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Emergent Life Sciences Research</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>2395-6658 (</PISSN>
      <EISSN>) 2395-664X (Print)</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue/>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season/>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Research Article</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Assessment of immunotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by in vitro exposure to methyl parathion in chicken lymphocytes</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>0</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>0</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Sonu</FirstName>
          <LastName>Ambwani</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Immunotoxicology examines the adverse effects of xenobiotics- including pesticides, heavy metals from emissions, drugs and other substances- on the immune systems of humans and animals. The term pesticide encompasses a diverse array of substances, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, etc. Pesticides are widely used around the globe; however, there has been an increase in reports highlighting their harmful effects. Broad-spectrum activity of Methyl parathion makes it effective against a wide range of pests, making it a popular choice for pest control in agriculture. However, its use is increasingly regulated due to its high toxicity to humans, non-target organisms and the environment. Methyl parathion, a widely used organophosphate pesticide, reported to poses significant health risks through its neurotoxic, immunotoxic and oxidative stress-inducing effects. Methyl parathion primarily exerts toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to neural overstimulation. This study investigates the in vitro immunotoxic effects of methyl parathion induced due to increased oxidative stress in mitogen stimulated chicken lymphocytes. Utilizing lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) estimation assays, the findings displayed a significant reduction in B and T cell proliferation following exposure to a thousand-fold dilution of the No Observable Effect Level (NOEL/103) dose of methyl parathion. Additionally, oxidative stress, as indicated by NO levels, was significantly elevated in methyl parathion treated cells as compared to control cells. Thus, our results indicate that in vitro exposure to a low dose of methyl parathion induces significant immunotoxic effects and increased oxidative stress in avian lymphocytes.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Methyl parathion; Immunotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Chicken lymphocytes; Nitric oxide estimation.</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://emergentresearch.org/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=15291&amp;title=Assessment of immunotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by in vitro exposure to methyl parathion in chicken lymphocytes</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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