This website is under maintenance. Editors-in-Chief Dr. Anamika Pandey Dr. Mohd. Kamran Khan Emergent Life Sciences Research (ELSR) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research in plant stress biology, crop physiology, agricultural biotechnology, and sustainable agriculture. The journal provides a scientific platform for researchers to disseminate original research articles, reviews, and short communications that advance understanding of plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental challenges. ELSR particularly emphasizes research addressing abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and nutrient imbalances, and their impact on crop productivity and resilience. Read more... Journal Metrics Submission to Final Acceptance Time (Median): 66 Days Acceptance to Online Publication (Median): 5 Days Total Downloads: 62,498 Why publish with ELSR? International Peer Review Process Open Access Publication Model Crossref DOI Assignment Global Visibility & Indexing (Google Scholar, etc.) Rapid and Ethical Editorial Handling Focused Scope in Plant & Agricultural Sciences Worldwide Author Community Article Processing Charges (APC) Current Publication Charges As part of the journal's transition and development strategy, Emergent Life Sciences Research (ELSR) is currently waiving all publication charges. Current APC (Until Further Notice) Indian Authors: INR 0 International Authors: USD 0 No submission, processing, or publication fees are charged during the current waiver period. Editorial Focus (Effective from July 2026) The journal has refined its scientific focus to strengthen coverage of plant stress biology, crop physiology, agricultural biotechnology, and sustainable agricultural systems. While the journal's archival content reflects its broader historical scope, future submissions are primarily encouraged in plant stress biology, crop physiology, agricultural biotechnology, plant genetics, and sustainable agricultural systems.
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Engineering properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) fruit and seed for the development of depulper and decorticator
Studies had been carried out to study the engineering properties of neem fruits and seeds collected from the southern region of India at different moisture content which would be useful in studying drying characteristics, designing equipment, and developing neem fruit depulper. Engineering properties varied when moisture content varied, so for different moisture content of neem seeds study had been carried out. The moisture content, one thousand mass, mean linear axial dimensions (length, breadth and thickness), arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, equivalent mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, aspect ratio, frontal surface area, cross sectional area, shape index, bulk density, true density, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, compressive strength, terminal velocity and color value of the samples (fresh neem fruit, dry neem fruit, fresh neem seed at 30% MC, dried neem seed at 20% MC and dried seed at 10% MC) ranged between 10 to 38 %, 276.7 to 1200 g, (12.1 to 18.10, 8.452 to 12.63 and 8.15 to 12.18) mm, 9.57 to 14.30 mm, 9.41 to 14.07 mm, 28.876 to 52.77mm, 65.83 to 78.08 %, 278.10 to 621.92 mm2, 2617.874 to 8750.48 mm3, 55.29 to 70.60 %, 80.28 to 179.54 mm2, 71.87 to 160.68 mm2, 83.94 to 187.53 mm2, 157.639 to 726.36 kgm-3 , 730.14 to 929.33 kgm-3 , 21.84 to 78.40%, 30.29 to 42.80◦, 0.21 to 0.86, 39.24 to 412.02 N, 108.25 to 223.16 m/s and 3.0 to 84.1 respectively.
correlation analysis, depulping, neem, physical properties, regression analysis
Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Phytosociological assessment of Juniperus macropoda dominated forest stands in the Gurez valley of Kashmir Himalaya, India
The present study entitled “Phytosociological assessment of Juniperus macropoda dominated forest stands in the Gurez valley of Kashmir Himalaya” was carried out to access the ecological status of this important species in the high-altitude landscapes of Gurez valley in Kashmir Himalaya, India. For a better understanding of these stands, the area was divided into three sites namely Kanzalwan, Dawar, and Burnai based on the standard sampling procedure. The results revealed that these three different sites harbor a total of 80 plant species representing 72 genera and belonging to 38 families. Of these reported 80 plant species, 6 species were trees, representing 4 genera under 3 families and 4 species of shrubs belonging to 4 genera from 4 families. The number of herbaceous species was 71 representing 64 genera under 31 families. Juniperus macropoda was dominant in all the sample sites with IVI of 205.57, 279.62, and 239 in Kanzalwan, Dawar, and Burnai forests respectively. Among shrubs, Rosa webbiana with IVI value of (114.5) was the dominant species followed by Hippophae rhamnoides (34.6) in Dawar only. Among the herbs, Stipa sibirica was dominant with IVI values of 20.08, 9.78, and 16.23 in Kanzalwan, Dawar, and Burnai forest stands respectively. Out of these three sites, Dawar reported the highest number of species followed by Kanzalwan and Burnai. The study is a baseline and will be of high significance in formulating conservation and sustainable management practices of this important Himalayan species.
altitude, conservation, forest, Himalaya, management, sampling
Hornet pests of honey bees in the Indian Himalayas and a low cost trapping device for their eco-friendly management
Honey bees suffer from a cosmic array of biotic and abiotic stress during their life cycle. The insect pests like wax moths and Dermestid beetles contribute immensely to the damage of bee colonies and reduction in honey yield in tropical regions of India. While, the bee colonies in temperate regions of Indian Himalayas, face an entirely different set of hitches that include predation of forager bees by three hornet species (Vespa mandarinia, Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Vespa tropica). The attacks on bee colonies by these hornet species compel the bees to desert the colony and swarm away to a new habitat thus, causing severe economic losses to bee keepers. Considering the severe setbacks enforced by hornets, a low-cost hornet trap was designed. The bait ingredients and their trapping efficiency against targeted hornet species are presented herewith. It was observed that green colored bottles attracted 34 hornets of three species in 10 days, while transparent bottles attracted only seven hornets at bait proportions of 1:2:2 (Apple cedar Vinegar: orange juice: water). Moreover, to reduce the attraction of honey bees into the trap, supplementary ingredients like rotten fruits and market honey were used, which enhanced the trapping efficiency of hornets. The benefit-cost ratio of 12.30:1 was recorded after the installation of the trap, which was significantly superior to traditional method (1.64:1) of manual swatting of hornets in the apiary. The farmers are currently trained to design and use these traps for the management of hornet pests in the Indian Himalayas.
bee keeping, honey bees, hornet trap, Indian Himalayas, pest management
Thermal and functional properties of a biofilms composed of fruits and vegetables waste
This study includes the development of biofilms from orange peel (OP), apple pomace (AP), tomato pomace (TP), and potato peel (PP). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transparency, and water solubility were performed on the synthesized films. The biofilms were prepared using the casting method. The OP, AP, and TP, along with pectin and glycerol, form a flexible film at a concentration of 6%, whereas the PP forms a film at 4%. The TGA results showed that the OP film has the highest decomposition temperature, ranging from 194.5℃ to 246.92℃. The FTIR spectra of the biofilms revealed the interaction between the plasticizer and polysaccharide compounds. The pectin film (PF) had a transparency of 2.19%, while the TP film had a transparency of 7.45%, the highest among the fruit & vegetable waste (FVW) films. The lower the transparency score, the more transparent the film. The water solubility of PF film was 89%, while that of FVW-based films was lower. The usage of FVW-based biofilms and their use in food packaging would minimize plastic products, resulting in reduced pollution.
biofilms, biomaterials, food packaging, FTIR, TGA
Pollinator diversity and foraging behavior of Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana Fabricius on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa Linnaeus subspecies chinensis) grown under different farming systems
The present study was on pollinator diversity and foraging behavior of Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana Fabricius on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa Linnaeus subspecies chinensis) grown under different farming systems. A total of 19 insects belonging to 16 genera under 7 families and 3 orders were recorded on Chinese cabbage. Among all insect visitors, A. mellifera (8.85 / 100 flowers) was the most dominant visitor. Significantly higher abundance was recorded in SPNF system followed by the control and CF system, respectively. The insect pollinators showed a positive correlation with temperature and a negative correlation with humidity. The average number of flowers visited by both foragers in one minute was significantly more in SPNF system followed by the control and CF system. The average time spent per flower by both foragers was significantly more in the CF system followed by the control and SPNF system. The number of loose pollen grains sticking to the body of insect pollinators recorded in SPNF system and CF system was statistically the same. Hence, it can be concluded that pollinators prefer SPNF system as compared to CF system and control. So, due to enhanced pollination in SPNF system, farmers may obtain more yields if they are consistent with the timely application of indigenous farm products.
Chinese cabbage, honey bees, pollinators
Application of Phosphorus and Zinc affecting soil health after cultivation of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) Var. MD Vikas in an Inceptisol of Prayagraj
The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of Phosphorus and Zinc on soil nutrient status following green gram crop cultivation. The experiment was analyzed under a Randomized Block Design consisting of nine treatments replicated thrice with three different levels of Phosphorus and Zinc (0% P, 50% P, 100% P, and 0% Zn, 50% Zn, 100% Zn) respectively. The results showed that increasing application of Phosphorus and Zinc enhanced Db (Mg m-3), Pore space (percent), Organic Carbon (percent), Available Nitrogen (kg ha-1), Available Phosphorus (kg ha-1), Available Potassium (kg ha-1), and Available Zinc (mg kg-1). On the other hand, DP (Mg m-3), pH of the soil, EC (dS m-1), and Water retaining capacity (%) decreased It was discovered that Db (Mg m-3), Dp (Mg m-3), pH of the soil, and Pore space decrease in depth. Also, reduction in depth increased Water retaining capacity (%), EC (dS m-1), OC (%), Available Nitrogen (kg ha-1), Available Phosphorus (kg ha-1), Available Potassium (kg ha-1), and Available Zinc (mg kg-1)
green gram, inceptisol, phosphorus, zinc
Application of infrared thermography for animal health study
Infrared thermography (IRT) is an advanced, safe, non-invasive, and contactless technology used to determine the surface temperature of an object. Thermal cameras absorb the infrared radiation generated by the surface, then transform it into electrical signals, and provide a thermal image of the body's surface temperature distribution. In addition to human medicine, IRT has mostly been used in veterinary medicine for diagnostic purposes and to detect distress in an animal. However, IRT can be a very effective technique for livestock and poultry breeding research viz. thermoregulation, reproduction, animal welfare, etc. Before pre-clinical testing, it is crucial to intervene to reduce the stress levels in experimental animals for the betterment of the experimental outcome. Where the infrared thermography could help us to monitor and assess the health status or the stress level in addition to behavioral and physiological parameters before the pre-clinical testing might be beneficial for better outcome and reproducibility. Therefore, this manuscript reviews the recent advances in infrared thermography and its use in animal science.
animal, health, infrared thermography, stress, temperature
Effect of fertigation and foliar spray of nutrients on soil fertility and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L)
The field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2020-21 at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) to study the effect of fertigation and foliar spray of nutrients on soil fertility and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L). The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The two factors i.e., fertigation levels and foliar spray levels were evaluated against soil fertility and yield of bottle gourd. The results indicate, that the foliar spray of nutrients did not influence significantly the soil pH, EC, while with fertigation levels, significantly lowest pH was observed with S1 (200:100:100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O) while EC was not significant. The organic carbon content and major nutrient i.e., available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased by 11, 25, 22 and 5% with fertigation level of S1 (200:100:100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O) over S3 (100:50:50 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O), and by 21, 7, 15 and 5% with foliar spray level of F3 (Two foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.25% + FeSO4 @ 0.25%) over F0 (water spray). The micronutrient contents particularly Fe, Mn, and Zn were significantly increased by 32, 11, and 14% with foliar spray levels of S1 (200:100:100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O) over S3 (100:50:50 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O) and by 52, 18, and 62% with foliar spray level of F3 (Two foliar sprays of ZnSO4 @ 0.25% + FeSO4 @ 0.25%) over F0 (water spray).
bottle gourd, fertigation, foliar spray, soil fertility, yield
Trend analysis of cane crushed and sugar production in Bihar
The goal of this study was to look at the trends in Bihar's cane crushing and sugar production. From 1939 to 2016, time-series data on cane crushed and sugar production was used (78 years). For this reason, three trend analysis models were used: linear, exponential, and quadratic, with the quadratic trend model being the best fit for the current study's trend analysis. A model was considered better if it processed low values of MAPE, MAD, and MSD and high values of R27 and R28. It was suggested that forecasted values have a positive increasing trend and are very close to that of actual values in Bihar as the next coming ten years are showing a good picture of sugar production. The result revealed that using the established model, it is possible to see that anticipated cane crushed and sugar production has constantly increased trends for the next ten years, from 2017 to 2026. The percentage increase in cane crushed ranged from 1.41 to 1.44 during 2017-26. The percentage increase in sugar production ranged between1.42 to1.68 during 2017-26. Farmers are becoming more interested in producing sugarcane in their fields as a result of the excellent profits it provides. These estimates will aid in the formulation of sound policies in Bihar's sugar and cane crushing industries.
cane crushed, R2, statistical model, sugar production, trend analysis
Migration and storage study of food products packed in biodegradable films (LDPE and Modified Corn Starch)
This study focuses on the migration and storage properties of biodegradable films made from a blend of Low-Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) and modified corn starch with food products. The overall migration (OM) from the biodegradable film in contact with food products such as potato chips and biscuits were investigated for six months using simulant ‘D’ as per IS 9845:1988. During the migration study, the highest OM was 3.94 mg/dm2 for potato chips and 3.47 mg/dm2 for biscuits, respectively within the permissible limit as per standards. The moisture content of the biodegradable films (T1 and T2) containing potato chips remained consistent with the product standard specification for up to four months. When biodegradable films containing biscuits T1 and T2 were compared to T0 up to four months, they showed 3.61% and 4.02% moisture content, respectively, indicating suitability as a packaging material. Results showed that the peroxide value (PV) of potato chips packed in films of all treatments increased from 1.91 to 6.87 meq kg-1 from 1 to 3 months which indicates the suitability of biodegradable film as a food packaging material. The findings revealed that the OM rate was affected by the type of food packed, duration of contact, and the type of packaging material, well within specifications of the Bureau of Indian Standards. Hence, this biodegradable film can be used for packing food products (Biscuits, Chips) safely.
biodegradable film, food package, food safety, modified corn starch
Microbiological quality of panipuri sold in and around Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation, Telangana
The microbiological quality of panipuri sold at street vended panipuri, moderately hygienic food courts, and hygienically maintained restaurants in and around Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, Telangana State was studied. Twenty-five samples from each source were collected and analyzed. The total viable count, Total coliform count, Fecal coliform count, and Yeast and mold counts in the samples collected from street vended panipuri were 3.6×10⁹ cfu/gm, 5.2× 10⁷ cfu/gm, 3.8×10⁶ cfu/gm, and 3.2×10³ cfu/gm respectively, 1.7×10⁷cfu/gm, 4.3×10⁵ cfu/gm, 1.2×10⁵ cfu/gm, 7.2×10² cfu/gm respectively in the samples collected from the moderately hygienic food courts and 2.8×10⁵cfu/gm, 3.6×10⁴cfu/gm, 4.7×10³ cfu/gm, and 1.2×10²cfu/gm respectively from hygienically maintained restaurants. The incidence of staphylococcus aureus was 100%, 100% and 72%, Bacillus cereus of 44%, 28% and 16%, Salmonella of 16%, 8% and 0% (Nil), Shigella of 24% 12%, and 4%, Escherichia coli of 88%, 72% and 48%, Streptococcus fecalis of 64%, 44%, and 24% respectively from the street vended panipuri, moderately hygienic food courts and hygienically maintained restaurants. The counts of staphylococcus aureus were 2.6×10⁶, 5.2×10⁵, and 2.3×10³, Bacillus cereus of (3.8×10³), (4.9×10²), 2.5×10², Salmonella of 3.9×10², 9.5×10¹, Nil, Shigella of 8.6×10³, 3.9×10², 5.8×10¹, Escherichia coli of 3.6×10², 2.9×10³, 4.2×10⁴ and Streptococcus fecalis of 8.6×10¹, 8.7×10², 2.6×10³ cfu/gm respectively from the samples collected from street vended panipuri, moderately hygienic food courts and hygienically maintained restaurants.
GHMC, microbial quality, panipuri, street vended foods, Telangana
Assessment of the impact of treated and untreated Sewage water on growth and productivity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
During the summer of 2018, an experiment was done at the Agronomy Field Unit, College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga, and Karnataka. Okra (cv. Arka Anamika) is primarily grown for its fruits and used as a vegetable because its fruits and leaves contain calcium, iron, proteins, and vitamins, all of which are dietary supplements required for a basic diet. Vegetable demand is higher in urban areas even though they are grown in sewage water and are better for human consumption. As a result, okra was chosen as the test crop, and it was watered with Normal Water (NW), Treated Sewage Water (TSW), and Untreated Sewage Water (UTSW) separately and in conjunctive mode, resulting in nine treatments reproduced three times using the RCBD design. The treated and untreated sewage water obtained from college where it is created in huge amounts and on a continual basis. To grow the crops, the recommended package was followed. In comparison to the application of NW, TSW and UTSW irrigation changed the soil’s chemical properties. The results indicated that TSW application resulted in a larger height (168.50), number of leaves (33.00), and number of branches (4.47). However, sewage-irrigated soils were much below the salinity threshold, resulting in improved crop growth components and yield. TSW application resulted in a higher fruit production of 32.35 t ha-1 compared to NW (25.20 t ha-1) and UTSW applications (21.61 t ha-1).
irrigation conjunctive mode, okra production, water quality
Genetic divergence analysis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes
The Mahalanobis D2 statistic was utilized to quantify genetic dissimilarity among groundnut genotypes for thirteen features. Tocher's approach was used to divide genotypes into groups. In all, ten clusters were established from 40 genotypes. Cluster I has sixteen genotypes subsequently cluster II has eight, clusters IV and VI contain three, cluster III contains five, and clusters V, VII, VIII, IX, and X had a single genotype. This classification revealed a greater amount of variation among genotypes. Cluster II had a desirable rating for the number of pods per plant. The cluster IΧ had a desirable rating for the highest plant height, number of branches per plant, and kernel yield per plant. Cluster X had a desirable rating for the highest germination percentage, earliness flowering, the highest number of kernels per plant, and shelling percentage. Cluster III reported the greatest intra-cluster distance. Cluster IV and Cluster VII were established to possess the greatest inter-cluster distance.
Impact of traditional home garden on socio-economy across altitudinal gradient of Mon District in Nagaland
Concept of home garden is very common in the hilly area of north eastern part of India and play a crucial role in livelihood, economy and biological diversity conservation. The present study aims to study of the home garden in three different altitudinal ranges in Mon district of Nagaland with the prime objective about the socioeconomic status of existing home garden, distribution and the variety of products and their local uses. The household was selected as a sampling unit of study. Data was gathered through a structured interview covering 60 households, 20 from each village. The home gardens across the altitudes were studied in detail in order to ascertain the roles played by these gardens in the socio-economic context. The survey comprises of 47 plant species from 29 different families. Cucumis sativa (28%) was recorded to contribute the highest to the total annual income in the high altitude followed by Capsicum chinensis (25%) whereas; Abelmoschus esculentus (5%) contributed the least. Parkia timoriana (33%) was recorded to contribute the highest to the total annual income in the high altitude followed by Sechium edule (21%) whereas; Rhus semialata (2%) contributed the least. Camellia sinensis (40%) was recorded to contribute the highest to the total annual income in the high altitude followed by Areca catechu (31%) whereas, Zingiber officinale (5%) contributed the least. The economic analysis of home gardens across varying altitudes shows that home gardens in low altitudes were valued more than the ones in the mid hills and highlands.
distribution, home garden, Mon District, socio-economic
Population structure and marker-trait association study for kernel quality traits in sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata)
The study utilized 63 microsatellite markers linked with QTLs affecting different seed quality traits viz., pericarp thickness, soluble sugar, dextrose, sucrose, and amylose content, for validation in 39 sweet corn inbred lines. Observations were recorded on two quality traits viz., total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugar. Out of 63 SSR markers, 30 showed polymorphism and were subjected to population structure study and, single marker analysis for detecting their association with TSS and reducing sugar. The estimate of the likelihood of ΔK (where K= 2), classified the 39 sweet corn inbreds into two genetically distinct groups. The single factor ANOVA revealed five SSR markers, having P-value ≤ 0.05, had a high association with each of the quality traits. The markers viz., phi027, umc2056, umc1633, bnlg1265, and umc1031, located on chromosome number 9, 6, 2, and 4, were found to have a significant association with TSS. Likewise, five markers viz., umc1465, umc1633, umc1492, bnlg1079, and umc1320 had a significant association with reducing sugar. The marker, umc1633, had a significant association with both TSS and reducing sugar and can play a significant role in the selection of inbred lines superior in terms of TSS and reducing sugar for use in sweet corn breeding program.
marker trait association, reducing sugar, SSR markers, sweet corn
Ethno-veterinary uses of medicinal plants in district Bandipora of Jammu & Kashmir Union Territory
Plants due to their medicinal properties are essential component of health industry and are utilized in averting various ailments. A study was carried to understand the quickly vanishing traditional information of medicinal plants in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Information was collected using purposive sampling to reach the target population. A total of 103 people comprising tribal people, medical practitioners, traditional healers and locals were interviewed throughout the study. A total of 29 species were found in the study area which were having ethanoveterinary uses. During the survey it was observed that the most dominant families with respect to number of species were Lamiaceae followed by Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Apiaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae, Malvaceae (2 each) and remaining families having one species. It was also observed that elderly population have better folklore information and males are more respondent than the females. Furthermore, the valuable folk knowledge about flora and fauna is playing an essential role in supporting healthcare system of both livestock and human in these remote areas which lack modern medical care.
Bandipora, ethno-veterinary, livestock, medicinal plants
Performance of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) genotypes under high altitude Tribal zone of Andhra Pradesh
The agro-ecological conditions of the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh with the modest temperatures, high rainfall, and rich soil organic carbon provide immense opportunity for the farming of non-traditional high-value crops like broccoli. By considering the favorable climatic conditions available in the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh, an experiment on evaluation of different broccoli varieties was taken up to introduce the high-value broccoli crop as well as to suggest a suitable variety for doubling the farmer's income of tribal zone. The present experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Chintapalle during 2017-18 to 2019-20 with nine genotypes in Randomized Block Design in three replications to assess the performance of growth and yield parameters of broccoli genotypes. Among the different genotypes, Palam Vichitra recorded more plant height (63.94 cm) followed by Palam Kanchan (63.29 cm). The leaf length was found to be maximum in Palam Kanchan (51.09 cm) whereas the maximum leaf width was recorded in F1 Festival (16.48 cm). The maximum head diameter was observed in Pusa Samridhi (18.11 cm). The maximum head weight per plant (422.68 g) and yield per hectare (191.72 q) was recorded in the var. Saki. So, Saki variety can be recommended for cultivation at high altitudes and tribal areas of the Eastern Ghat region of Andhra Pradesh to double the tribal farmer’s income.
Eastern ghat region, evaluation, nontraditional area, yield
Effect of integrated weed management on growth and yield of paddy
Paddy is one of the imperative cereal crops of state Jharkhand and plays a crucial part in the economy. Paddy yield is drastically influenced by weeds infestation resulting decrease in output and productivity. The experiment was conducted at Chhotakipona village, Chitarpur Block, Ramgarh, Jharkhand during kharif season of 2018 using Randomised Block Design with 9 weed control methods T1- Weedy check, T2- Pretilachlore @ 0.75 kgha-1 as pre-emergence, T3- Pretilachlore@0.75 kgha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gha-1, T4- Pendimethalin @ 1 kgha-1 + 2,4-D @ 1.00 kgha-1 at 30 DAS, T5- Pendimethalin @ 1 kgha-1 as pre-emergence + Bispyribac Na @ 25 gha-1, T6- Bispyribac Na @ 25 gha-1 as post-emergence at 20 DAS, T7- Hand weeding at 20 DAS + Hoeing at 40 DAS, T8- Two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS and T9- weed free and replicated 3 times. The hand weeding and hoeing were carried out manually. Application of IWM (Integrated weed management) in paddy Pretilachlore@0.75 kgha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gha-1 was recorded maximum yield attributes resulting in higher grain yield (4952 kgha-1).
Jharkhand, paddy, yield attributes and yield and integrated weed management
Study of phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Several anticancer medicines have been developed by using plant-derived compounds in the last few decades. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a valuable therapeutic plant belonging to the Apocynacae family. C. roseus leaves are exploited in the research of cancer treatment. Free radicals have a significant part in pathophysiology; natural substances that inhibit free radical accumulation can assist to prevent diseases and the ageing process. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of C. roseus leaf extract were evaluated using DPPH free radical and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity increased with an increase in dose, roughly 80.21% inhibition at 500 µg/ml. The TPC is 2344.65 mM GAE g-1 FW and a maximum inhibition zone of 12 mm was shown against E. coli. A qualitative study of leaf extract revealed the existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and proteins.
cluster analysis, intra and inter cluster distance, pearl millets, RBD
Genetic diversity analysis of Pearl Millet germplasm by cluster analysis
There are 40 genotypes of pearl millet that were gathered from ICRISAT in Hyderabad for the study. The experiment was performed in triplicate using Randomized Block Design. With an average D2 value of 398.08, the experimental material was divided into seven clusters, indicating the presence of diversity across the lines for the attributes being studied. Among different clusters the maximum cluster lines i.e., ten lines were observed in cluster V followed by cluster IV, cluster III, cluster I, cluster II, cluster VII, and cluster VI. Cluster V has the greatest intra cluster distance, followed by Cluster II, Cluster IV, and Cluster I. As a result, within these clusters, selection might be based on the greatest mean for desirable characteristics. The relative divergence shows the degree to which each cluster differs. The highest order of divergence was observed in cluster VIII and cluster X, followed by cluster V and cluster VIII. The results revealed that the parents are genetically heterogeneous in these clusters. The high heterotic response may have been achieved when used in a hybridization programme. Cluster VI and Cluster VII had the shortest inter-cluster distance, indicating low genetic diversity. Plant height had the highest cluster value in cluster VIII and the lowest in cluster X, whereas phenological parameters like days to flowering and days to maturity had the highest cluster value in cluster II. Days to flowering were the most important factor in genetic divergence, followed by the number of panicle length, fodder yield per plot, and productive tillers per plant.
Assessment of combining ability in tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for quality traits
Combining ability effects (GCA and SCA) were estimated using seventeen parents including fourteen females and three males of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and their hybrids developed through line × tester method. The results indicated that the lines, HUB46 for fruit firmness and number of locules, HUB36 for fruit pH (-ve direction) and shelf life, HUB3 for equatorial diameter and TSS, HUB45 for pericarp thickness and polar diameter whereas, among testers Arka Vikas for fruit firmness, pericarp thickness, fruit pH (+ve direction), polar diameter exhibited significant gca effects and considered as good general combiners. Cross combinations HUB3×DMT-2 for fruit firmness and pericarp thickness, HUB10×DMT-2 for number of locules, HUB47× Arka Vikas for fruit pH (+ve direction), HUB14× Arka Vikas for TSS, shelf life and polar diameter, HUB4×PKM-1 for equatorial diameter exhibited significant positive sca effects and regarded as good specific combiners.
Socio-economic elevation through open sea cage farming-Evidence from Mandapam region of Tamil Nadu, India
Cage culture guarantees the multiplication of seafood output and revenue generation from a small unit area when compared to significant capital investment oriented onshore farming technologies. The Mandapam Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (MCeSA) of Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU) through the cage culture demonstration as part of the NFDB-funded project ‘Open Sea Cage Culture of Marine Finfishes along the Coast of Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu’ is continuously involved in disseminating this valuable technology which provides higher yield and income to meet the alternative livelihood needs and to uplift the socio-economic conditions of the coastal fisherfolk in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu. Case studies were undertaken in the region to assess the impact of MCeSA and a success story of Mr. V. Nagadas, one of the NFDB scheme beneficiaries is shared here who has implemented the cage culture of lobster and earned a total profit of 280000 INR. The farmer's success and the MCeSA's technical guidance and support are now inspiring other fishermen to adopt the farming.
adoption, cage culture, demonstration, lobster, success story
Spatial variability assessment and mapping of soil properties for sustainable agricultural production using remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Low knowledge of the suitability of land in agricultural production is a major problem for land users. To better assess soil distribution structures, remote sensing and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) are considered the most effective tools to achieve this goal. In this paper, we investigated the spatial variability of some soil chemical and fertility properties in the Ridhora watershed of Nagpur, Maharashtra region, India. From the study area 59 Soil samples were collected using a systematic sampling strategy from 0 to 15 cm below the surface at a regular grid spacing of 1km× 1km with different vegetation cover and all the samples were transported to the laboratory After the creation of standard data, Statistical analysis was used to describe the soil structure, geostatistical statistical analysis was used to describe the spatial correlation of soil properties, and the spatial distribution of these structures was adjusted using mapping techniques. The results showed that in the study area the variability of soil fertility was low to moderate N; Available P ranges from low to high and available K ranges from moderately high to very high. Available Zn and Fe showed deficiency in 60.9% and 7.40% of the study area, respectively.
crop rotations, kharif crop, soil properties
Popularization of Bivoltine sericulture among tribal folk of Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to Poonch District
Sericulture is the living culture among the rural and tribal folks of Jammu and Kashmir having world-class quality characteristics. Due to various reasons, silk farming has received an unfortunate decline during the last few years. The current survey study was formularized to evaluate the constraints responsible for the expected yield gap and for formulating future strategies to popularize the concept of silkworm rearing among the tribal folks for strengthening their livelihood. The results depicted the total production to be highest for the year 2019 with234 kg of cocoon yield followed by 2017 with 221kg of cocoons and least for the year 2015 with 155kg cocoons and the net income and profit to the farmers was reported to be highest in the year 2015 as Rs. 27700 and Rs. 14200 respectively. The survey indicated that the majority of the sericulture farmers belong to the general category constituting 86.6 percent of the total number of farmers followed by schedule caste and schedule tribe both constituting only three percent of the total respondents indicating the need for the popularization of this agro-enterprise among the marginal farmers belonging to various underprivileged communities. Therefore, considering the utmost significance of sericulture in boosting the rural livelihood, an attempt has been carried out to emphasize the role of sericulture among tribal folks hailing in Poonch District, for the revitalization of the bivoltine silk industry in Jammu and Kashmir specifically among marginal farmers.
cocoons, sericulture, tribal folks, yield
Effect of period on service period and dry days length of Jersind crosses
The study was carried out in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Dairy Farm, SHUATS, District – Prayagraj, Utter Pradesh. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of periods on service period and dry days length of Jersind crosses. All the data were collected from the history records of Jersind crosses. Four Cross Groups were selected for the study 1/2 J X 1/2 RS - (JRS1), 3/8 J X 5/8 RS - (JRS2), 1/4 J X 3/4 RS - (JRS3), and 1/8 J X 7/8 RS - (JRS4). It was observed that the mean first period, service period was 104.86 ± 3.8 days, 107.33 ± 8.25 days, 104.38 ± 3.12 days, and 88.50 ± 5.1 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean second period, service period was 110.00 ± 4.76 days, 84.75 ± 4.2 days, 109.30 ± 3.5 days, and 85.20 ± 7.55 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean third period, service period was 107.00 ± 6.99 days, 113.33 ± 2.88 days, 84.57 ± 5.79 days, and 116.83 ± 4.57 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean first period, dry days length was observed 62.14 ± 1.13 days, 60.33 ± 0.98 days, 65.88 ± 1.72 days, and 62.00 ± 1.4 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean second period, the dry days' length was 59.60 ± 1.88 days, 60.50 ± 2.84 days, 62.20 ± 1.56 days, and 63.60 ± 1.08 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean third period, dry days length was 61.60 ± 1.40 days, 62.00 ± 0.94 days, 63.14 ± 2.86 days, and 65.50 ± 2.12 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. In reproductive traits period indicated a significant effect on the second and third period service period, whereas indicated a non-significant on first, second, and third period dry days length of Jersind crosses (JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4).
dry days length, Jersind, service period
Integrated Nutrient Management influencing the yield and growth of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Central India
Increasing worldwide demand for food items with limited per capita land for cropping will be a major challenge. Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the world's most important cereal crops, second only to wheat and rice. To increase crop output and maintain soil health, Integrated Nutrient Management combines chemical fertilizers with organic manures through a biological process. An integrated plant nutrient supply system could aid in achieving balanced fertilization goals, which would improve the soil's physicochemical qualities on a long-term basis. The treatment T2 (100 percent N2 through Urea + Boron @ 3 kg. ha-1) has emerged superior over other treatments and shows better growth, yield, followed by T14 (50 percent N2 through Urea + 25 percent N2 through FYM + 25 percent N2 through Azotobactor @ 3 kg. ha-1), while the treatment T4 (50 percent N2 through Urea + 25 percent N2 through FYM + 25 percent N2 through Azotobactor @ 3 kg. ha-1).
inorganic fertilizer, maize, organic manures, soil health
Hematological and molecular finding of Trypanosoma evansi in buffaloes of North Gujarat
Trypanosoma evansi is definitely one of the most common pathogenic trypanosomes in all over the world, obviously infecting domestic and wild animals. Before it contributes to even more economic losses, a fast and confirmatory early diagnosis is a must to curb the spread and development of the disease. The current study was aimed to identify Trypanosoma spp. in buffalo blood by blood smear analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as comparison of these two methods. This investigation was performed on 475 buffaloes with anaemia, recurrent fever, muscular weakness and loss of appetite. Out of 475 blood samples, 57 were found anaemic (Hb<8.5) through haematological examination. Wet, thin and thick blood smears as well as buffy coat smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on 57 blood samples to detect trypanosoma. Analysis of blood smears well as buffy coat smear(s) revealed that 5 (8.77 %) samples were found positive for Trypanosoma, while polymerase chain reaction analysis determined the infection in 20 (35.09 %) out of 57 animals.
buffalo, hematology, Trypanosoma evansi, PCR
Northeast India: A treasury of medicinal plants
The North-eastern region of India encompasses eight states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. It is perhaps the most extravagant store of medicinal plants in the World. It is considered that the medicinal plants are the foundation of the conventional medicine. Almost 80% of the world populaces depend on conventional medications for essential medical services, a large portion of which include the utilization of extracts of medicinal plants. This conventional practice of medication assumes a significant part in the medical care of rural people for a wide range of diseases. They practice their own traditional healthcare system as they have an in-depth knowledge and understanding about plants, both conventional and non-conventional for their food and for medicine. This review thus underlines the different medicinal plants found across the entire north-eastern region and their respective potential uses or medicinal plant utilization for the significant well-being of mankind.
Northeast India, medicinal plants, pharmacology
Significance of soil health and soil life for sustainable food production
Healthy soils perform multiple roles in the world and provide dynamic systems and deliver various essential functions such as maintenance of ecosystem functioning, provision of nutrients to the growing plants, animals, and humans, gaseous regulations, carbon sequestration, and recycling of waste. Soil health and soil life are greatly related to agricultural practices and farming management systems. Management of soil health and soil life is directly related to the management of soil fertility, beneficial soil biota, soil protection, and soil stabilization. While soil life and soil health both are being affected by the excessive use of synthetic chemicals and conventional farming practices. Moreover, soil health is also being affected due to intensive farming and these deteriorated soils may not be sufficient to support food production for future generations. Therefore this writing is focused to discuss the significance of the right maintenance of soil life and soil health for sustainable food production.
fertility, food production, soil health, soil life
A Review on concerns about soil quality and innovative methods for improving soil health
Soil health is a major concern of the agriculture sector, instead of playing a critical role in food production healthy soil encompasses multifunctional capacity viz ecosystem services, nutrient cycling. Rapidly increasing population and urbanization enhance pressure on the farming system which severely affects soil fertility and health. Addressing challenges related to food security has often led to agricultural practices that neglect the soil's multifunctionality and health, resulting in reduced ecosystem service, degraded soils, and eventually, crop failure. Hence, to overcome soil degradation, the use of the innovative method is an effective approach that ameliorates the soil depleted pool against conventional method, have own setbacks. In this review, we have highlighted some innovative methods viz soil amendment, phytoremediation, PGPR as a biocontrol agent, grazing management, and adaption of conservation tillage. In this literature, all these methods have shown efficient results for addressing the soil health conservation and food security challenges from the degraded soils with economic feasibility.
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