Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Brazilian aquaculture: a public health problem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2019.514855Keywords:
aeromonosis, aquaculture, fish diseases, diagnostic, public healthAbstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium present in the water, which can cause disease in animals, such as fish, frog, and mammals, including humans. In fish, Aeromonosis occurs when it is immunosuppressed due to the stress of handling, water quality, parasitism or population density. Due the importance of this disease in fish and humans, this study aimed to detect this bacterium by PCR in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of cage fish farms localized in hydro-electrical reservoirs of São Paulo state, Brazil and describe the lesions found in positive fish by necropsy and histopathology. Around 360 samples of Oreochromis niloticus specimens were randomly sampled at six Brazilian fish farms in November 2014 (n = 180) and in March 2015 (n = 180). The identification of A. hydrophila by PCR showed the prevalence since 3.33% to 46.66%. The most common macroscopic lesions were hemorrhage and splenomegaly, and bacteria colonies, coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammatory process, melano-macrophages, and vacuolar degeneration were microscopic. The pathological and histopathological findings showed the presence of an infectious disease, and employing the molecular technique, it was possible to identify that the analyzed fishes had A. hydrophila. Thus, producers should utilize this information using histopathology and molecular techniques in tilapia to reduce economic losses and avoid disease in consumers.
References
[1] H. Daskalov (2006). The importance of Aeromonas hydrophilain food safety. Food Control, 17: 474-483.
[2] P. K. Praveen, C. Debnath, S. Shekhar, N. Dalai and S. Ganguly (2016). Incidence of Aeromonas spp. infection in fish and chicken meat and its related public health hazards: A review. Vet. World, 9: 6-11.
[3] O. A. Odeyemi and A. Ahmad (2014). Anti-biogram and resistogram profiling of Aeromonas species isolated from Malaysian coastal seawater. Pollution Research, 33: 487-492.
[4] P. Hochedez, E. Hope-Rapp, C. Olive, M. Nicolas, G. Beaucaire and A. Cabie (2010). Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas hydrophilacomplex in the caribbean islands of martinique and guadeloupe. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 83: 1123–1127.
[5] N. Issa and L. M. Napolitano (2011). Aeromonas pneumonia in a trauma patient requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: case report and literature review. Surg. Infect., 12: 241-245.
[6] I. H. Igbinosa, E. U. Igumbor, F. Aghdasi, M. Tom and A. I. Okoh (2012). Emerging Aeromonas species infections and their significance in public health. Scientific World Journal, doi:10.1100/2012/625023
[7] V. Papadaski, N. Poniros, K. Katsibardi, A.-E. Charissiadou, J. Anastasopoulos and S. Polychronopoulou (2012). Fulminant Aeromonas hydrophila infection during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 45: 154-157.
[8] Y. Senderovich, S. Ken-Dror, I. Vainblat, D. Blau, I. Izhaki and M. Halpern (2012). A molecular study on the prevalence and virulence potential of Aeromonas spp. recovered from patients suffering from diarrhea in Israel. PloS One, 7: e30070. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030070.
[9] A. Von Graevenitz (2007). The role of Aeromonas in diarrhea: a review. Infection, 35: 59-64.
[10] M. R. Adams and M. O. Moss (2000). Food Microbiology. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
[11] B. Austin and D. A. Austin (2012). Bacterial fish pathogens. Disease of farmed and wild fish. Netherlands: Springer.
[12] I. S. Azad, K. V. Rajendran, J. J. S. Rajan, K. K. Vijayan and T. C. Santiago (2001). Virulence and histopathology of Aeromonas hydrophila(Sah 93) in experimentally infected tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (L.). J. Aqua. Trop., 16: 265-275.
[13] N. Abu‐Elala, M. Abdelsalam, Sh. Marouf and A. Setta (2015). Comparative analysis of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance and gyrB‐based phylogeny of motile Aeromonas species isolates from Nile tilapia and domestic fowl. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 61: 429-436.
[14] A. M. Abd-El-Rhman (2009). Antagonism of Aeromonas hydrophilaby propolis and its effect on the performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 27: 454-459.
[15] M. C. Tellez-Bañuelos, A. Santerre, J. Casas-Solis G. Zaitseva (2010). Endosulfan increases seric interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Aeromona hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 28: 401-405.
[16] M. E. Nielsen, L. Høi, A. S. Schmidt, D. Qian, T. Shimada, J. Y. Shen and J. L. Larsen (2001). Is Aeromonas hydrophilathe dominant motile Aeromonas species that causes disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the Zhejiang Province of China? Dis. Aquat. Organ., 46: 23-29.
[17] H. M. Fang, R. Ge and Y. M. Sin (2004). Cloning, characterisation and expression of Aeromonas hydrophilamajor adhesin. Fish and Shellfish Immunol., 16: 645-658.
[18] D. Mateos, J. Anguita, G. Naharro and C. Paniagua (1993). Influence of growth temperature on the production of extracellular virulence factors and pathogenicity of environmental and human strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. J. Appl. Bacteriol., 74: 111-118.
[19] S. Merino, X. Rubires, S. Knochel and J. M. Tomas (1995). Emerging pathogens: Aeromonas spp. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 28: 157-168.
[20] E. J. Noga (2010). Fish disease: diagnosis and treatment. John Wiley and Sons.
[21] W. G. Weisburg, S. M. Barns, D. A. Pelletier and D. J. Lane (1991).16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J. Bacteriol., 173: 697-703.
[22] G. A. Carvalho-Castro, C. O. Lopes, C. A. Leal, P. G. Cardoso, R. C. Leite and H. C. Figueiredo (2010). Detection of type III secretion system genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and their relationship with virulence in Nile tilapia. Veterinary Microbiol., 144: 371-376.
[23] I. N. C. StatSoft (2001). STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 6. Tulsa, USA, 150. http://www.statsoft.com
[24] G. A. Coscelli, R. Bermúdez, A. P. Losada, L. D. Faílde, Y. Santos and M. I. Quiroga (2014). Acute Aeromonas salmonicida infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Histopathological and immunohistocheminal studies. Aquaculture, 430: 79-85.
[25] R. Harikrishnan, C. Balasundaram, Y.-G. Moon, M.-C. Kim, J.-S. Kim and M.-S. Heo (2009). Use of herbal concoction in the therapy of goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 53: 27-36.
[26] S. O. Jimoh and E. D. Jatau (2010). Prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophilain tilapia obtained from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria dam, Nigeria. Science Focus, 15: 165-170.
[27] V. Balaji, M. V. Jesudason and G. Sridharam (2004). Cytotoxin testing of environmental Aeromonas spp. in Vero cell culture. Indian J. Med. Res., 119: 186-189.
[28] J. M. Janda and S. L. Abbott (2010). The genus Aeromonas: taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 23: 35-73.
[29] J. W. Pridgeon and P. H. Klesius (2011a). Molecular identification and virulence of three Aeromonas hydrophila isolates cultured from infected channel catfish during a disease outbreak in West Alabama (USA) in 2009. Dis. Aquat. Organ., 94: 249-253.
[30] J. W. Pridgeon, M. Aksoy, P. H. Klesius, Y. Li, X. Mu, K. Srivastava and G. Reddy (2011b). Identification and expression profiles of multiple genes in Nile tilapia in response to bacterial infections. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1441: 11-119.
[31] H.Y. Hughes, S. P. Conlan, A. F. Lau, J. P. Dekker, A.V. Michelin, J. H. Youn, D. K. Henderson, (2016). Detection and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Carbapenemase-Producing Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Routine Perirectal Surveillance Culture. J. Clin. Microbial., 54: 1167-1170.
[32] F. A. Sebastião, L. R. Furlan, D. T. Hashimoto and F. Pilarski (2015). Identification of bacterial fish pathogens in Brazil by direct colony PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Advances in Microbiology, 5: 409-424.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Author (s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited, and the work is not modified or adapted.
